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Drama
In general sense:
Any performance having story on the stage
Ex.
Pantomime, Opera, Play (Theater)
etc.
In Specific:
A work of literature consisting of entirely dialogue, intended for actors to speak with accompanying gestures before the audience
ln this sense Drama could be said as Play
So the difference between Drama in general
and Play:
Drama belongs to any performance having story
Play is drama that have dialogue as a mean to deliver the story
Drama vs. Fiction
* In drama the story is delivered entirely by dialogue. In some parts, fiction has also dialogue, but it has narrative and description as well
In Drama neither the audience nor the reader is conscious of the author’s existing.
In Fiction, the narrative and description can give the author an opportunity to speak in his own person.
* Besides, drama is a literary work which is intended to be performed on the stage. While fiction is only to be read.
The History of Drama
(Handout 2)
•The first form of drama was originally from ancient Greek. Dran ‘to perform’
• The performance was initially intended to honor the Gods and the God that used to be associated to this performance was Dionysus, God of wine and crops.
• They celebrated the harvest by imitating the human’s daily activity or even the animal in the
form of dancing and singing.
• That performance later on became drama or play.
Some factors of the appearance of drama at that time.
- Believe in Gods
- A Fear of Starvation (hunger)
- The mimitic faculty
- The sympathy of magic
•The development of the play in Greece then became formal performance on the stage for
the sake of arts as well as bussiness.
• The famous Greek playwright were Sophocles (Tragedy) and Euripides (Comedy).
• The theaters were build on the hill side. The audiences heard the dialogue through the echo
of the sound on the hill.
•The development of the drama was continued as the emerging of Roman Empire.
•The playright from Roman that much influenced European drama, especially English Drama, was Seneca. Seneca was considered as one of the the playrights that inspired shakespeare’s works.
•So why the English playwrights were much influenced by the Roman than the Greek?
• Most of the Greek plays were talking about the human that suffered by the Gods. In other word, the human struggles were much influenced by the involvement of the Gods power.
• On the contrary, the story of Roman drama that described the human self power or attemp was much more influenced by the success of the their struggles and not only depend on the Gods power.
• The culture and belieft of the Roman drama were suitable withEuropean, or it sounds reasonable to accept the story of the Drama.
History of English Drama
•The first form of English drama was called Sacret. Sacret means holy or spiritual
• Sacret was a sort of mini drama that was performed in the Church to celebrate religion festival. The stroy was based on the holybook.
• Sacret then developed into Morality. This Drama was performed in the yard and not in the church anymore. The story was not only from the bibel but also from the author but it still contained a moral lesson as Sacret did.
•Morality was enjoyed by common people because it was performed in the open space in every city or town in England at that time.
• The upper class of society or the noble and royal family then developed the performance as what they called as Interlude.
•Interlude, like Morality, was also a drama that contained a moral lesson but it only perforemed in the middle of a party or festival of the noblemen and the upperclass.
•Sacret, Morality, and interlude were the three forms of early drama in England.
• The development of English Drama reached its golden age in Elizabethan period or during Queen Elizabeth reign in 17th Century.
• At that time the most famoust English playwright William Shakespeare lived.
Tragedy and Comedy
•Tragedy was born in Greece in the fifth century B.C, Aristotle (Poetics) define it as an imitation of an action that is serious, complete in itself, and of a certain magnitude (scale/size) … accomplish through incidents that arouse pity and fear…
• The word tragedy derives from Tragos (= goat). It maybe taken from the festival to honor the God of Dionysus.
• In many cases, it is the nature of tragedy that the protagonist or the hero (chief character) must fall from power and from happiness.
•In more modern tragedy (on stage or movie), it does not appear in the original one but it’s
combined with comedy.
•The combination of Tragedy and comedy then it’s called Tragicomedy.
•Comedy, from the Greek komos (= a revel/party), originated to celebrate spring and to praise the God Dionysus, God of fertility and wine.
Two Kinds of Comedy
•Satiric comedy: Shows a world with less attractive people (ordinary) in which human weakness or folly is ridiculed.
• Romantic Comedy is comedy which presents an ideal world, golden world, or a world more delightful than the fact. It portrays people with indulgence/wealthy in everyday world or in some never-never land.
Comedy High and Low
•Comedy High focus on verbal or dialogue as the trigger to make funny.
• Ex. Comedy of manner
‘The Importance of being Earnest’
•Comedy low focus on the physically action as the source of the funny.
•Ex. Slapstick comedy, Fierce, ect
Elements of Drama:
Some of the main of the elements are:
